Description
Contributes to normal lipid metabolism, the maintenance of normal liver function, and normal homocysteine metabolism. Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine.
How It Works
Citicoline is an intermediate in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway and supplies both choline and cytidine, the latter converting to uridine in circulation.
Why This Form
Citicoline has the human cognitive-endpoint trials behind it and is dosed here at the trial protocol. Choline bitartrate is considerably cheaper and comparatively unstudied for these outcomes, which is why the category uses it and why we did not.
What we rejected: Choline bitartrate.
The Research Behind It
Human randomized controlled trials on citicoline cognitive endpoints, supported by population intake data showing most adults fall below the adequate intake for choline from diet alone.
What The Evidence Does Not Show
The relationship between high choline intake and TMAO production is an open research question. We would rather flag it than leave it out.
Supplement Facts
| Per Serving | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Citicoline (cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine) | 250 mg | † |
| Choline (from citicoline) | 46 mg | 8% |
† Daily Value not established. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Other Ingredients
Microcrystalline cellulose (bulking agent), plant-derived capsule shell.
Every ingredient in this product is listed above. We use no proprietary blends, no titanium dioxide, no artificial colours and no artificial sweeteners. Our Sourcing Standard →
References
A numbered reference list for this formulation is in preparation. In the meantime, you can review the published human trial literature directly:
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
University Vitamins is an independent company. We are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by any university or academic institution. Institution names appear solely to identify the source of the research referenced.
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